WAR AND SOLDIERS
LASKUVARJOJOUKOT YES COMMAND
The Nazis ruled Europe for over four years
but their soldiers were never safe.
They were always afraid of a parachute or commando
which were set up specifically to strike manned countries.
Their stroke raivostuttivat Hitler
and he commanded to execute all remaining prisoners of commandos immediately.
But this is not scared them, and the attacks continued.
These special forces gave hope to enslaved peoples
and contributed decisively for their release.
3.6. 1940 when the British army still evacuated Dunkirk
Prime Minister Winston Churchill wrote a memorandum to the Defence Staff.
He criticized the fact that in France there was only a defensive war
and called for the establishment of a force that would strike in occupied Europe.
Army immediately began to look for 5000 was voluntary.
The troops were given the name of "commando" in their buuriyksiköiden by
against which the British fought in South Africa at the beginning of the century.
From a weapons system was not originally taken from commandos:
British Royal Marine Corps.
They are needed for the cannons to protect the crew and the occupied ports.
10. Each commando was established was 500 men.
People came from every set of the Army Section.
Many had fought in France and wanted to strike back.
The first blow was when the units still were.
In June 1940 struck the French coast and the Channel Islands
Germans who had recently occupied.
The attacks were unsuccessful, and Churchill was annoyed that they could not
"To kill more Germans," as he said.
Troops lacked a clear target
so Churchill appointed Admiral Sir Roger Keyesin commander.
Keyes had led the attack on Zeebrugge 23.4. 1918.
Three vessels were fierce gunfire closed channel
which resulted in Bruges submarine base.
Churchill told Keyesin to prepare major attacks
as long as the threat of German invasion had been averted.
Keyes took lessons from the mistakes. Spot was inquire correctly
cooperation and arms of service had to be developed.
Above all, the troops needed better equipment boarding
so that they could strike anywhere on the coast.
Landing boats needed more
and three passenger ferries have been modified as carrier.
Was also discussed, could strike forces other than from the sea.
Germany had used parachute men to conquer Norway and the Netherlands.
2. kommandopataljoona amended on 11 maahanlaskupataljoonaksi.
It is practiced parachute jumps shut-off balls and bomb machines.
The training focused on not only hard fitness and endurance
Also self-confidence and own initiative.
Belonged Voluntary master sergeant George Haines said:
It was an honor to be among the non-commissioned officers of men.
They were well-trained, disciplined and private initiative.
Each of my my subordinates would have declined NCO.
Men had to know how to fight both with and without weapons
and a variety of weapons, including the enemy's fleet.
The British fought against Italy in the Mediterranean and North Africa.
In January 1941 Keyes sent three units to make feint attacks
Pantelleria Island and the Dodecanese islands.
Other commando prepared in the meantime
the first actual iskuihinsa occupied Europe.
The first item Brittikommandojen of the Lofoten Islands in Norway.
Approximately 600 soldiers departed by ferry from 2, 4 March 1941.
The subject was a factory, which manufactured from fish oil glycerine explosives.
Commandos reached noticing there and surprised the Germans.
Fishing vessels greeted with rejoicing in their amphibious boat to the east.
The island's residents helped them ashore.
They occupied the main ports without encountering little resistance.
Then they destroyed the fish-oil factories and tanks.
Residents helped them generously.
Commandos captured 16 Nazi-minded Norwegians.
They took the island, these prisoners, 225 German soldiers ...
... And 315 Norwegians, who wanted Britain to fight.
Prisoners Ulla trawler crew had top-secret Enigma cipher machine.
The Germans threw it into the sea
but the commandos got their hands on a series of code wheels.
It was a real treasure Bletchley Park koodinmurtajille.
An officer could not resist the temptation
but sent to the address "A. Hitler, Berlin" to a telegram which read:
"You said recently that whenever the Brits come to Europe '
"They will encounter German soldiers. Where to find them?"
Hitler invested in response to Norway 250000 soldiers
which would have been needed elsewhere.
Commandos sent to the Middle East will not succeed as well.
Recruits locally men used to Eritrean invasion.
Colonel Bob Laycock commanded by department Layforce
disrupted the enemy's service Rommel attacked for the first time
and driving the British out of Libya in the spring of 1941.
Half Layforcesta then sent to Crete to protect the withdrawal.
The unit was almost destroyed and Layforce scattered.
British commandos were trained more and parachute men.
They have not been immediately used when Keyes resigned in October 1941
because he would have had to obtain the authorization for each stroke of the Defence Staff.
Churchill appointed in his place of Lord Louis Mountbattens
who was King George VI's first cousin and an accomplished master fighter.
Mountbatten wanted to put pressure on the enemy in large-scale attacks
and tie the Norway troops
by striking Vågsøyhin and decoy from the Lofoten Islands.
The aim was to take over the island of Vågsøy Maløyn edustalta
was not there to destroy artillery battery
to take over the port, as well as to destroy military and industrial targets.
2 carriage, which was 600 commandos
went to the Shetland Islands December 26, 1941.
The vessels were able to arrive in the morning unnoticed
and the commandos were transferred to the boarding boats.
When they left, the cruiser HMS Kenya shot flares
sign cannons, which began to fire Maløyta
and bomb airplanes that protected the disembarkation of the smoke bombs.
The department is led by a very characterful man, Major "Mad Jack" Churchill
which departed broadsword as a weapon and bagpipes playing.
He later recorded his music played by her during the mission.
Her husband occupied the island of less than 10 minutes.
Defenders surrendered relevant complete surprise.
Then the guns were turned towards Vågsøy city.
Only the beach was fought fiercely.
Ankara city battle continued all morning.
The German positions were destroyed mortars and explosives.
Two fighters brought the soldiers to destroy the fish processing plant.
They also sank channel hedged enemy ships.
German resistance ended at 13 the time.
The rest of the items were destroyed, and the commandos began to withdraw.
17 had fallen and 53 wounded.
The Germans had fallen to 120, and 98 were captured.
About a hundred Norwegian civilians left the commandos by.
Code name "Archery" well-known shock
managed both tactically and strategically.
Hitler waited until the end of the war invasion of Norway
and did not allow to reduce the occupation of the set.
Commandos, earning the first voitonmerkkejään
airdropping troops had been designated laskuvarjorykmentiksi
and extended laskuvarjoprikaatiksi and liitokoneprikaatiksi.
Paratroopers first major operation began 27.2. 1942.
80 Major John Frost by Commander 1st Parachute Battalion men
jumped Bruneval the French side of the Channel coast.
Their mission was to capture parts of the secret radar station
in order to be able to interfere with it.
Originally, the beach was intended to take commandos
but the paratroopers were able to strike surprisingly,
and they seized the opportunity.
Men rose to 12 with the modified Whitley bomb machine.
The trip went without incident.
Men jumped on anybody seeing farther inland.
The enemy was taken by surprise almost completely
and the radar we had time to remove the desired components for examination.
The soldiers were picked up from the motor boats. 3 had fallen and 7 wounded.
The most valuable prey was a German radar man.
The knowledge acquired in the attack by means of
RAF bombers got through the German air defense.
In February 1942 took place in two other important turning point.
Marines set up the first commando unit ...
... And Achnacarryn place of Scotland was founded training center.
Commandos were given until the end of the war their basic training there.
The next major blow was made months after the
French Atlantic port of St. Nazaire.
Its subject was the only dry dock on the Atlantic coast
which should mahduttu to correct the German large warships.
HMS Campbeltown, the USA moved during the previous war fighter
disguised as a German vessel.
It was supposed to drive through the gates of the yard loaded with explosives and a hundred men.
Motor boats still came to 140 commandos
which had to destroy the shipyard pumps and winches, and leave the boats.
Campbeltown was supposed to finally blow up time delayed.
Campbeltown and 16 small boats were able to 3 km from the kohteestaan
before floodlight discovered fighter.
Ship salo was a Kriegsmarine flag
and the Germans are hesitant decisive moment before he opened fire.
Kommandokapteeni Bob Montgomery told reporters later:
We were fired on as we approach a very fiercely from all directions
and the helmsman was hit very soon.
Stuck to the next topic helm man crashed the same road.
I went to the helm of knowing what is really needed to do.
Fortunately, Tibbits patted my shoulder
and took the helm before I could do anything stupid.
Kriegsmarine flag traded on the British naval war flag.
Campbeltown drove to the port of 20 knots.
It crashed into the dock, at 1.34, just 4 minutes later than planned.
The bow sank 11 m in
and explosives clenched tight against the port.
Deputy Commander, Major Bill Copeland went to the countries of the tip of the crowd.
It seemed that all the weapons fired on the world
the ship's sides have suffered half a dozen in the glow of the spotlight.
Commandos spread out to the yard in search of their targets.
Then we gave the Germans a taste of their own medicine.
Lieutenant Stuart Chant already wounded by ship but took the group there.
This pumping station was my my items.
I was wondering on the way, what would we do if there would be a security guard.
I thought that he needs to shoot. We could not waste time.
This door was suddenly locked. We had not taken it into account.
The problem was solved quickly with a sledgehammer ...
... And Chant in dashed his team.
I trusted miehiini perfectly.
They followed in silence and held onto the front running pack.
We landed stairs quickly.
Remember, it was pitch black, and the bottom was darkened further.
Not a word was said.
Everyone went to their pump creates. I took this, the number three.
We took our vessels explosives. There were 8 and weighed 2.25 kg.
They were water resistant, and detonating two.
We invested eight input the most sensitive parts of each pump.
Then Chant ordered the men to come back up.
The starter gave us a 90 seconds time
climb 12 meters up the stairs and get out of the way before he began to clack.
Captain Montgomery saw the group when it came out.
Stuart Chant group came out and crouched next to a wall.
They were a little too close, so fortunately I told them farther.
Pumping station and shipyard gates of machinery were destroyed utterly.
Then the commandos had to go back motorboat
but then it appeared that it does not become acceptable.
Montgomery had been focused on the fact that the blasts are to be successful.
Stan Day showed the river, where boats were ablaze.
I realized that the sea wall was still in German hands
we probably could get out.
At this point, Colonel Charles Newman, commander of the department
ordered his men to take the road to safety.
Thus began the retreat, which commemorates the "St. Nazaire barrier coaster".
We ran side alleys, over the walls, through the kanakoppien and greenhouses
and the rear doors of the streets, which moved the German armor.
In the end we were completely exhausted.
Cartridges were at the end, because we were fighting all the time
and the wounded were too many, so we gave up.
Most of the survivors were captured by morning.
They were collected to a restaurant.
HMS Campbeltown was swarming with Germans.
They did not notice the explosives, but began to collect the memories of the war.
Its chief, Lieutenant Commander Sam Beattie had survived.
Excellent English-speaking German interrogated me.
He found out that I had been Campbeltown, and pointed out
that a small purkilla advocated to try to break the strong gates.
At the same moment was a very loud bang
who broke a window.
He did not ask any more, but went out to see the bang came from.
I wished I knew it.
The restaurant shouting for joy when we heard a huge explosion.
It had to be due to the explosive cargo Campbeltown six tonnes.
More than 380 Germans were killed, and the yard gate was completely destroyed.
Shipyards could not be longer during the war in order.
Commandos remember on the St. Nazaire operation "Chariot"
the most biggest iskunaan.
For them, was divided into five Victorian clubs and 131 other medal for bravery.
Survivors revealed after the war in the monument.
Mountbatten launched a new attack in August 1942
who pioneered the port of Dieppe defenses.
Canadian 2nd Infantry Division made the actual landings.
It failed miserably. Only a few men came to the city.
3rd and 4th kommandopataljoonalla played an important role.
They had to silence the port avenues protective coastal artillery.
Peter Young, who commanded the brigade at the end of the war at the age of 27
3rd battalion led the only team that was successful.
This Dieppe direction of the large field of grain.
Army taught that the two bricks to stop the bullet.
I said that three meters cereal field stop a bullet
and my husband at least seemed to think it.
Plunged into the field, and we began to strafe quite violently.
I tried to curb the shooting, because we did not have a lot of ammunition.
The Germans turned very soon left-sided cannons
and it shot straight towards us.
It slammed damn hard and spat orange black smoke.
Grenade whistled over our heads and exploded somewhere in France.
I thought it was a good thing
because it could not shoot the ships if they tried to hit us.
I looked up and I said Dieppeen
that we should retreat
because pellolleni could become armor, and it would be unfortunate.
Lord Lovatin 4th Battalion managed better.
James Dunning was the leader of mortar group.
We opened the launcher fire as soon as the commandment came.
The first shot went to the left, so the angle of the controller.
Another hit directly in the radiator, so we kept the same trend.
The third shot hit the radiator ammunition warehouse
and we immediately realized that we hit the bull's eye.
Captain Pat Porteous led the charge and received a Victoria Cross.
F komppanian remaining fifty men
gathered behind the low embankment approximately 100 m away from the radiator.
I told you to attach bayonets and komensin raid.
I rushed across the courtyard. Each side came to bullets.
We did not know exactly where the enemy was.
We got guns, and there was a real abomination of desolation.
I came cannon, which Roberts grenade launcher was hit.
Each side of the corpses were lying, and the mess was terrible.
The success of commandos was a dark day the only saving grace.
Commandos were accompanied by 50 US new trooper troops man.
In addition to the commandos made small attacks the coast.
The Channel Islands in connection with the October 1942 attack
Germans captured as prisoners were tied.
Hitler was furious about this and gave the famous kommandokäskynsä:
Each prisoner from the commando man came to be executed immediately.
Command, the first victims were the pioneers
which had to strike a heavy water plant in Norway, 19. 11. 1942.
Germany needed a heavy water in the development of the atomic bomb.
The flying machines and they pulled bombers fell to the ground.
The second accident survived the 14 men, 6 seriously injured.
The Germans shot them after a quick examination.
Despite this, commandos and paratroopers confirmed
and they were given a new assignment, to support countries increases.
5. kommandopataljoona attended in May 1942
Was part of Vichy France, Madagascar's invasion.
Both a number of departments went in November in North Africa.
During the fighting in Tunisia
parachute men received the title of "Red Devils", "red devils"
According barettiensa color.
Both forces were at the forefront of Sicily and Italy, countries increases.
For them, created a new theater of war in August 1943,
when the Mountbattens became the supreme commander of the Southeast Asia.
He asked there commandos
and 3. The special brigade arrived in India at the beginning of 1944.
It was supposed to hit the Japanese rear of the Allied progress in Burma.
Bob Laycock, who had led the commandos in the Middle East in 1941
had come to replace the Mountbattens special forces commander.
Preparations for the invasion had begun.
Cross the Channel to the intelligence related to trips made.
They did other things, the French kommandomiehet.
6. Airborne Division jumped in Normandy the left.
USA 82 and 101. The division were on the right flank.
Two kommandoprikaatia rose Britons blocks.
Most of the Sword came to the block and look for the parachute troops.
They were given only in closed camps hear the details of the task.
Parachute Men increased their PCs in the evening of 5 June.
Supplier of Richard Nimbleby told reporters:
The machines are packed with a parachute men
with which hope, fear and pray for the millions
who sleep in the night without knowing any major mission.
The first plane rises into the air.
A huge armada of aircraft crossed the French coast.
Soon, the green light came on, and the first men jumped.
The Normandy invasion had begun.
Major John Howard's additional company was a difficult task.
They had to take control of two border Orne River and the Caen Canal bridge
the left side of the landing beach.
Flying Machines approached the goal of John Howard
Caen Canal bridge, which went down in history as Pegasus Bridge.
We sat facing each other, and we took each other out of control.
We took such a grip, feet raised off the floor and prayed.
We had time barely do it when the machine is already a thud on the ground.
I got out and looked around.
The bridge tower was 50 meters away, and that's all.
The flying machine had penetrated the nose guard station barbed wire barriers.
I did not think for one moment the pilot could pull it off, when I asked
that the first machine would violate a barrier.
Completely surprised the guards quickly defeated.
Now, the British had to still keep the Pegasus Bridge and the Orne River Bridge
until the commandos would come to help.
Parachute Men clustered drives.
Boarding began at dawn. Commandos came to the tip included.
Lord Lovatin unit came quickly to the bridge. Ken was Phillot with it.
Lord Lovat asked them to apologize for my late arrival.
We had my watch, the late two minutes.
Plans had been made in England for several weeks earlier
without knowing what kind of resistance would be faced
and we were marched 15 km and a delay of only 2 minutes
so I think it was a pretty good performance.
Special forces remained in position two months
and repulsed several attacks against the bridgehead in the flank.
Only when the Allies got off to Normandy
the commandos parachute men were back to Britain.
However, they were given new tasks quickly.
Allied maintenance more difficult, and progress came to a halt in September.
Field Marshal Montgomery proposed a solution daring attack.
He wanted to get around a barrier to large shaped by nature, the Rhine River
the power of the Dutch waterways border bridges.
The US 101st Airborne Division had to jump close to Eindhoven
and 82 of the Nijmegen area.
The British 1st Airborne Division and the Polish Parachute Brigade separate
had to take over the last of the Rhine over the bridge leading to Arnhem.
The British 30th Army Corps had to proceed paratroopers helpful.
Parachute was the groups in only six days' preparation time.
Everyone still believed that the war would solve their stroke.
Men do not know how worried senior management was.
RAF Air Defence insisted the risk of
that the troops hyppäisivät 13 km from the bridges.
The flying machines brought jeeps, which it was hoped to speed up the transition.
For men only had light weapons. If they would meet fierce resistance
they would be in trouble, unless ground troops to have a quick rescue.
Plans for finalizing the inquiry announced
that Arnhem was a German armored units to be completed.
Be aware of not only ignored, and the ground bills, it was decided to implement.
The flight was a shortage of machinery, and the division had to be transported in three waves.
But the mood was high, when Major General Roy Urquhart
wished good luck to his men on Sunday morning 17.9.
Operation "Market Garden" was started.
6. Airborne Division's advance guard
jumped 13 km on the north side of Arnhem in the early afternoon.
The enemy did not show up.
The landing area was established
and the forces left it towards Arnhem.
Exult Dutch civilians slowed the progression.
In addition, many jeeps kuljettanutta flying machine was destroyed.
Intelligence information was correct.
The area had two SS armored division, and they act immediately.
Paratroopers were forced on the defensive.
General Urquhart was during a confused battle blockaded
and was more than a day away from the troops.
In the evening, 2nd Battalion, Colonel John Frost received 100 husband
control of one of the bridge at the north end.
Then, Frost realized that they PREVENT further.
A company tried to get the team on the other side.
But when they had reached an advanced stage
that bunker like design over
had the opposite bank armored car began firing at them very closely.
With such a bridge is very vulnerable to a bullet in the rain.
They suffered heavy losses in an instant.
The bridge could not be appropriated, and Frost and his men remained in their positions.
The Germans discovered the glider scrap accurate information about
what confirmations jumped the next day.
They were ready, and the 4th Parachute Brigade suffered terrible losses
and could not get his comrades to create.
Arnhem expected troops, who were already in Eindhoven.
Then the German resistance was strengthened, and progress slowed.
Due to foggy weather took four days
before the Polish brigade reached Arnhem British help.
Unfortunately, it jumped to the wrong side of the Rhine
and only a few men came to Arnhem.
British losses increased pressure from the Germans.
Maintenance drops to them for ended up in German.
More and more transport aircraft was shot down
but the parachute men did not give up.
Troops were able finally to the Rhine
but the men of Arnhem had already been exhausted.
Only 2000 Arnhem hypänneistä 10,000 men got out of encirclement.
The rest had either fallen or surrendered.
Montgomery's gamble failed
but the "Red Devils" had fought very tenaciously.
Maintenance situation of the Allies to facilitate only
if they would get the port of Antwerp.
Therefore, the Scheldt river, and especially Walcheren Island had to be emptied.
Three kommandopataljoonan had to get to the island
and to silence the powerful coastal batteries.
At the same time 4. kommandopataljoona and one infantry brigade
Breskens would go over to Flushing.
Countries Increases were made on 1 November 1944.
Several landing boats hit before they reached the shore.
But the commandos reached ashore and began to take control of the coastal batteries.
4. The battalion fought on at the same time, Flushing.
Resistance was fierce, and each street was fought without mercy.
The German commander surrendered after 10 days.
Also, a parachute and commandos crossed the Rhine in March 1945.
6. Division and US paratroopers landed on the east bank.
They landed on the German artillery positions and suffer losses
but confused the enemy's defense altogether.
Troops were given this time to quickly connect to a parachute men.
After that they took part in the last developmental stage.
Parachute Men liberated at the end of the war in Norway
and took off from there placed in the German guns.
Paratroopers with red and green Berets commandos
met Churchill's desire light, fast units
which struck the beast horde.
They fought bravely and persistently in all battlefields.
The same unbending fighting spirit still sees their followers
today's Commando and laskuvarjorykmentissä.
These units were heavy fighting in the Falklands war
and marched first to the capital, Port Stanley.
They were the predecessors of real fighters.
Translated by: Kai Laine www.sdi media.com